Digital Natives Debate

Digital Natives Debate Firstly what does a digital native mean? A digital native is a person where digital technology is already around when they were born, which mean they have grown up with digital technology such as mobile phones, computers, game consoles, mp3 and all other digital technologies. The opposite to this a person who grew up without these digital technologies and learnt how to use them later on in life for example if the person was born before the introduction of mobile phone they adapted and learnt how to use this technology these people are placed with the name digital immigrants. Now we have established the meaning of these terms we can now evaluate the debate, which surrounds this area. Marc Prensky (2001) is one of the leading experts in this field and is the one who coined the term Digital Native in his work Digital Native, Digital Immigrants published in 2001. The main argument to support the concept of digital native is that children people born in the last two decades have always been surrounded and had contact with new technology. According to Prensky (2001), the reason for an increase of technology is due to the fact that there is a hypothesized change in the brain structure that means young people process information and think in different ways compared to pervious generations(Prensky, 2001a). Prensky (2001) states, Digital Natives are used to receiving information really fast. They like to parallel process and multi-task. They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best when networked. They thrive on instant gratification and frequent rewards. They prefer games to serious work (2001). Prensky (2001) defines this younger generation as the digital natives as they, are all native speakers of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet. Prensky refers to people who were born before this new digital era, which began around 1980, as Digital Immigrants. According to him digital immigrants may learn to use new technologies but will still be in some way always be in the past, unable to fully understand the way of the natives. According to Prensky (2001), characteristics of digital immigrants are that they do not use the Internet as their first point for finding information in, he also states thats they print documents out instead of working of the computer. The supporters of this concept suggest that the comparisons between these two groups have great impacts on education. They argue that young people now have a range of different methods and tools for interpreting and using information and the current education system dose not meet the needs of these people. So he argues that the current educational system and the way digital native are taught needs to change to meet the requirements of this generation of youth. For exa mple, Prensky suggests that educators now need to communicate in a way that the digital native find interesting and respond to going faster, less step-by step, more in parallel, with more random access, among other things Prensky (2001). A powerful teaching method, Prensky suggests, would be to use computer games to teach the digital natives as digital natives would resound to this as they find this fun and current. As Prensky (2001) states todays students are the first generation to grow up with this sort of technology. He continues to say that this generation has been surrounded by new technology like computers, videogames, mp3 players, video camera, mobiles and many other gadgets. Here are some of the facts and figures which Prensky (20010) includes are that today college graduates have spent less than 5,000 hours of their lives reading, but over 10,000 hours playing video games and 20,000 hours of watching TV. He suggest this it due to the fact that computer games, email, the Internet, mobiles and social network sites are all part of every day lives. Prensky (2001) report suggests that due to the amount of interaction with new technology student think and process information fundamentally differently from pervious generations. He then goes on to say that these differences are far greater than most educators suspect or realize in his report he quotes DR. Bruce D. Perry of Baylor College of Medicine different kinds of experiences lead to different brain structures. This is one of the reasons why Prensky suggests, our students brains have physically changed- and are very different from ours-as a result of how they grew up. Referring to (Bennet el al 2008) there is very little evidence that young people are radically different in the way they use and processes information.to justify his claims Prensky use the theory of neuroplasticity, which suggest that our brain are flexible and subject to change as a result of changes in society. Using this theory Prensky state this is why the youth of todays brains have developed differently to the adults, due to the fact that they have been brought up in a world full of new technology. However these is no answer in the way in which the brain structure has varied. Prensky (2001) admits, that the use of technology and the effects on the cognitive processes linked with learning is still being explored by neuroscientists (Prensky 2001) There is a lot of academic research that has questioned the validity of digital native concept. People in support of this digital native tend to assign board terms for example a specific learning style, amount and type of technology used to a whole generation (Bennet et al 2008). Whist the majority of young people which use the internet and other technologies is higher than older generation (Dutton and Helsper 2007) is has to be said that there are many differences in how and why younger people use these new technologies and how effectively they use them (Hargittai and Hinnart, 2008). There have been many writers that have highlighted the diversity of the use of new technologies by young people however this is minimized to support the concept of digital narrative. A important aspect of this debate is weather the difference between digital natives and digital immigrants can be explained by generational differences. Referring to Prensky work it seems that age is the most important factor. According to (Tapcott 1998) technology is the place in which younger people are better than older people he refers to this as generation lap it is about the exposer in which the person has with these technologies. However the extent in which a person is a digital narrative is a digital narrative by birth or exposer it is an important factor in policy and practice. If digital natives are defined by age then the older generation they are seen to be digitally disconnected. On the other hand if being digital native is due to exposer and experiences then it is possible for learning to take place in environment in which younger and older generations interact. However there has not been a lot of research in this area as majority of pervious studies focuses on the youn ger people using the new technologies and their parents for example (studies by Livingstone and Bober 2005). Additionally most of the research, which has been taken, place and the data produced are based on the American population. Kennedy, et al (2008) stated that educational policy maker in the UK could not make changes in the United Kingdom in response to these claims as we need more empirical evidence to inform the debate. Social researcher (Howe and Strauss 200,2003), labeled this current generation as the millenials, referring to the technology knowledge as a distinctive characteristic that set them apart from pervious generations. They offer a positive a positive view on the new generation as optimistic, team-orientated achievers who are talented with technology, and claim they will be the next great generation. Technology-rich culture is said to inspire the skills and interests of the digital natives in ways significant for education. It is said that digital natives are active experimental learner, excellent at multitasking, and dependent on communication technologies for accessing information and for interacting with other (Frand, 2000; Oblinger and Oblinger, 2005; Prensky 2001a b; Tapscott, 1999). It has been stated that these characteristics raise valid question about weather that the current education system is equipped to meet the needs of new student (digital natives). Tapscott (1998), described education in developing countries as already in crisis with more challenge to com: There is growing appreciation that the old approach [of didactic teaching] is ill-suited to the intellectual, social, motivational, and emotional needs of the new generation (p. 131). This was echoed by Prenskys (2001a) claim that: Our students have changed radically. Todays students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach (p. 1). The digital natives theory has found a number of supporters as well as the leading authors, who have had key influence on the theory, however there has been a lot of criticism of the theory itself and arguments. I will now probe this theory for its weaknesses; firstly none of the main people on the debate look at the negative side being a digital native can have on young people. Whilst digital natives are most often presented in a positive light, however many people are begging to relies that increate digital technology use may also lead to the disadvantages and empowerment of children and young people through risk and dangers of technology use. Many concerns have been raised amongst popular commentators and policy makers, for example the number of inappropriate uses of the Internet, which could place a child at ultimate risk of harming them self and being harmed by other. Additionally aside from the physical, emotional and sexual risks associated with the Internet, concern has been raised that the capacity of young people to learn is now measured by the ability to gather information of the internet. Andrew Keen (2001,p.93) puts it that, the current generation of school children is taking search-engine result as gospel. Which means they are just using the information of the internet to inform them selves. Furthermore Shulmeiter (2008) presents a list of critical views on the digital debate. Firstly Shulmeiter (2008) critics the lack of empirical evidence, he practically refers to Tapscott and Prensky stating that they show hardly any empirical evidence. Shulmeiter (2008) states, Their reasoning is based on examples of a highly selective sample. Despite this Prensky and Tabscott are widely cited and uncritized in further publications. Shulmeiter then begins to criticses the interpretation of empirical studies, Shulmeiter states scientific publication p nth subject make use of empirical studies on the media usage among young people. He then says that the absolution or relative data usage time is the interted to prove the existence of the digital natives. Shulmeiter (2008) criticized this process as he claims that the data is often handled as a whole, without further splitting, he also explains that insufficient comparisons are offered with the used of other media. The characteristics to describe digital natives have come from mainly unsupported empirical evidence (Bennett et al. 2008); Schumeiter, 2008) which make the data unreliable. Another Criticism of Prensky work is when he uses the work of DR Bruce D, Perry, this is at criticism as he fails to report he work of DR Perry and that the evidence showed after googling the Doctors name it can be seen that the work Doctor Perry conducted was on Child Trauma it can be argued that this does not have any relevance to digital natives.

Essay about Curley’s wife -- English Literature

Essay about Curley’s wife Curley’s wife is the only female character in the novel Of Mice of Men; Curley’s wife is never given a name and is only referred to in reference to her husband. Like the other people on the ranch, she is very lonely and has dreams of a better life which never come true. The author John Steinbeck introduces Curley’s wife in a symbolic ness way, this is shown when George is talking to Lennie about the dream and when Curley’s wife first meets both the men. â€Å"Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in.† The symbolic ness of the word sunshine is hope, freedom, happiness and dreams. This foreshadows that she may cause trouble or come in the way and could ruin it all for Lennie and George. Steinbeck also describes her as a ‘girl’, which tells us that she is very playful, childish and vulnerable. Curley’s wife is trying to make her self attractive by applying make up and dressing up as if she was going to a party. This is clear shown as Steinbeck describes her â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes† This suggests she is trying to be provocative and incongruous. Curley’s wife also wears red, red gives the symbolic ness of danger and seductiveness. Curley’s wife is described â€Å"Heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers.† Again the red on her fingernails and the red mules are symbolic to danger. Steinbeck is again suggesting that women are trouble makers who ruin everything for the men. Curley’s wife is in a ranch and she dresses up as if... ...alk.† Steinbeck is clearly suggesting that not a single person would trust each other on the ranch. The presentation of Curley’s wife’s death was astonishing due to the way Steinbeck described her after the death. Steinbeck is suggesting that she was under pressure, trying to gain attention and she was mean. Steinbeck described her as she was â€Å"the meanness and the planning’s and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young† This suggest that she was under pressure all the time but when she died everything was just normal. It also suggests that the entire ache for attention was just gone and a simple beautiful woman was lying dead. Overall Steinbeck is suggesting that all the characters are cruel because they’re powerless and they all want to exercise their power.

Performance Management System of Banglalink Essay

The mark an employee receives in his/her evaluation plays a very important role in his/her chances of promotion. Banglalink uses the â€Å"Performance Review† form which is generally termed as â€Å"Adjective Checklist† The Performance Review forms are sent to all the people who act as supervisors of a certain number of employees. The supervisors are instructed to evaluate their subordinates They are specifically instructed to evaluate the â€Å"job performance† of the employee; and not to evaluate the employee himself or herself as a person. The supervisor fills out the form himself During his evaluation, he may consult with the employee if the supervisor has any remarks; he puts them on the form also. After all these are completed, he assigns marks on the rating. The marks are specified on the form. After the supervisor completes his evaluation, his section head reviews the form If he has other thoughts about the person evaluated, he then consults both the supervisor and the subordinate, whose performance was evaluated, and then clarifies the matter. He then gives his own remarks. Then the form is sent to the Departmental Head, who gives the final acknowledgement when he assesses that everything is in order. Thus all the filled out forms are gathered and sent to the Banglalink head-office, where these forms are sorted and arranged Then the top management reviews these forms. They evaluate the markings received. Then they can make a certain judgments on the employee’s abilities and performance The present position of the employee and his current salary along with the marks and recommendations he received are combined to make a matrix With this matrix, the employee’s increment is calculated. [pic] Appraisal Feedback After the evaluation has been done, the top management makes their decisions nd forms future plans Where the evaluation results are not satisfactory, the top management asks for more information After getting the information, they sit with the Departmental Head of the employee under scrutiny and then they proceed to assess the situation. Later they discuss the situation with the rater and the employee he rated and then they make their decision. When the evaluation results are positive and the top management has made their decisions about the employee’s increments or promotion, the employees are given the information in an informal manner. Thus, they are assured of the assessment that has been made of them. In this way they are kept motivated. 3. Research Methodology Type of Research The project falls in the category of exploratory and descriptive research, i. e, a research designed to evaluate the Performance Appraisal of Banglalink. This applies to the research part. Prior to that, the organizational part is helpful for the clear understanding of the existing position of Banglalink and also serves the purpose of the exploratory. Besides, a limited scale of causal research has been also included to examine the cause and effect relationship among variables. Basic Research Method The basic research method in this theoretical Knowledge, field survey and practical orientation. In that the annual report and websites were the major source of secondary data. Besides, the discussion with the concerned managers/employees (Primary data) yielded the additional information to fill up the gaps and helped in clear understanding. Sources and Method of data collection To carry out the research study, data has been collected both from primary and secondary sources Primary Data Primary data have been collected as follows Structured Questionnaire Keeping the problem statement in view, a number of questions in the form of checklist had been formulated. The checklist had been the main tool for relevant question to the primary data sources to formulated the operational definition of the problem statement and precisely find out the area of study. Questionnaire were developed incorporating mixed type of questions. One type of questionnaire for the managers at Banglalink and the other type is for employees. Some questions were common for all while some questions were exclusive for either group. Questionnaires were designed in such a way so that all-important elements of the performance appraisal system can be covered by it. After questionnaire formulation, an exhaustive and deliberate discussion was conducted and necessary adjustments were made. Pretest for screening of the questionnaire has been carried out. After pretest, the final questionnaire has been prepared.

How to Write a Great CCOT Essay on Advertising in Cultural History

How to Write a Great CCOT Essay on Advertising in Cultural History Writing a continuity and change-over-time (CCOT) essay is one of the more difficult writing tasks a student will face throughout his or her time in school. This difficulty is due to the technical nature as well as the amount of research needed to be done to accurately write a CCOT paper. A CCOT essay is one that intends to answer a question by comparing two time periods relating to subject with the aim of analyzing what has changed and what has not over a selected period of time. Here are some tips on how to write a great CCOT essay when challenged with such a task. Truly Understand What You Are Asked to Do The biggest hurdle most students face when writing a CCOT essay, is understanding the mission they have been given. Therefore, most students end up writing either an expository or argumentative essay which results in failure. So the tip here is to read the questions carefully asked and understand the requirements before putting pen to paper. When reading the question, here are some things to consider that will help you put things in the right perspective: What am I been asked to do? What are the keywords in this question? What area of the world am I analyzing? And What time periods should I analyze? Answering these questions set the right ambience needed to proceed to mapping out your writing strategy. Create a Strategy for your Essay Now that you have understood the task ahead of you, the next step is to create a strategy on how you intend to answer the important questions raised in the questionnaire. The first step to being organized is choosing a topic name. When writing about advertising in cultural history, a topic such as ‘Advertising Historical Context and its Growth over Time’ puts you in the right part to planning the body of your essay. Here are some tips to creating a good strategy: Choose your time periods to base your research on Research its role in history or research the historical role of advertising in relation to the chosen time period Research the technologies that had an impact on it Understand what changes had occurred to its role in the world as a result of evolving technology Research what concepts or practices remained similar even after these changes. Write your CCOT Essay Once you have defined a strategy, the next step is doing the actual writing work on the chosen topic. In this stage, it is important to focus on the structure you have aligned to serve you throughout your project. A CCOT essay still follows the traditional arrangement of using an introduction, an essay body and a concluding paragraph to discuss your findings. Proof Read your Essay The last step is proofreading what you have written not just for grammatical or syntax errors but to ascertain that you have followed the prescribed CCOT essay structure. Therefore, it is important to note if you have chosen a time period, discussed how things were during that time, identify and analyze factors that changed the status quo and also analyze what didn’t change even after change factors were integrated into certain approaches. Here we come to the end of these salient tips you can use to write a CCOT essay on advertising in cultural history. If in need of topic ideas, do not hesitate to check this helpful article covering 20 CCOT essay topics on advertising in cultural history. You can also find facts that will help you compare advertising time periods in this article 10 CCOT essay facts on advertising in cultural history.

Principle, Principal

Principle, Principal Principle, Principal Principle, Principal By Sharon Principle and principal are easily confused. It doesnt help that they are homophones, which means they sound alike. Heres a guide to what they mean and how you can tell them apart. Principle The word principle means a standard, a law or a rule. This means you can have: the principles of economics, which are the laws that govern economic theory moral principles, which are the rules and standards that govern your behavior Principal The word principal usually refers to a person. Remember that it ends in pal, which is a person. A principal can be: the head of a school the head of an organization the main person involved in a contract or financial negotiation Putting It All Together If you remember that principal is a person, then you can easily make sense of this sentence: The principal taught us the first principle of social responsibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?In Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisTypes of Plots

A literature review of the applications in reducing green house gas in Essay

A literature review of the applications in reducing green house gas in the agricultural system - Essay Example Industrial agriculture causes global warming because it is intensive in fossil fuel, operations from confined animal feeds lead to emission of methane, application of nitrogenous fertilizer causes emission of nitrous oxide, and finally, large scales of land within the tropics are being converted into intensive monoculture plantations. The large livestock populations in the world produce high amounts of greenhouse gases that consequently influence climate change. Changes in the soils’ carbon flux can be very significant, even though it is small, because of the volume of soil (Smil, 1999, P127). Despite favor of livestock production by market forces, Smil (1999, p. 130) examines that application of alternative methods may help in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions while providing good livestock returns, sustainability and health where deforestation, land degradation, and feed-crop dependence are avoided. Mitigation efforts in agricultural systems include keeping fewer livestock, conservation tillage, intensification of livestock without crowded confinement, and organic farming (Casey and Holden, 2006). Reduction of feed grains that are chemically fertilized is however the most effective way of reducing pollution by greenhouse gases (Casey and Holden, 2006, p. 234). Maize, wheat, and soybean production emits about 17 million tones of carbon dioxide per year (IPCC, 2007, P.241). Together with the fast increasing number of livestock, the possibility of changing the balance between sequestering nitrogen and nitrous emissions in the soil is big. \ Another important strategy of reducing greenhouse gases by agricultural system is the application of policy mechanisms stipulated by Kyoto Protocol’s mechanisms of clean development to provide support and stimulus small scale farmers who are willing to practice sustainable agriculture. Potentially, about 1 tonne of carbon is

222 # 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

222 # 4 - Essay Example Once embraced fully in numerous states, death penalty is an effective tool to ensure crimes rates have declined contrary to life’s imprisonment. This is because many criminals prefer the latter than facing extermination. Yes. I think numerous states have realized costs involved in undertaking death penalty and its implications compared to other forms. This is as per Death Penalty Information Center recent report, which showed more than half of the respondents (54%) preferred any other type of life sentences compared to capital (DPIC). For instance, arguments based on costs referred to particular three cases, which before that conclusion cost the approximately 350 million, which is quite expensive than if it chose to give them a life sentence (DPIC). In addition, citizens including diverse activists are emerging with claims this punishment approach is not even fair for long seems to favor certain races. I think due to the complexity involved with lethal injections whereby those undertaking it might not have the necessary expertise, it should be obsolete but justice authorities uphold other executions. For instance, in my view I propose electric execution whose undertaking is more practical and does not encompass numerous complex technicalities to the executioner. In addition, its durations is quite short compared to legal whereby with the appropriate voltage of 40 seconds is enough then let the body cool down. â€Å"Whats New: Public Opinion: Majority of Pennsylvanians Prefer Life Sentences, Support Moratorium on Death Penalty.† Death Penalty Information Center – DPIC. 25Th March 2015. Web. 26Th March 2015.